The aim of the National Business and Technical Examinations Board (NABTEB) Agric Science Syllabus for 2021 is to ensure that you are well prepared for the exam. 

NABTEB Agric Science Syllabus And Hot Topics To Read For 2021 NABTEB: If you have been wondering how to get NABTEB Syllabus Online Plus hot topics you are to focus on in Agric Science then Guide is for you.

NABTEB AGRIC SCIENCE SYLLABUS

The content of this syllabus is divided into nine sections on the conceptual framework on which the teaching syllabus is organized.

The sections include; Basic concepts, Agricultural Ecology, Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization, Crop Production, Forestry, Ornamental Plants, Crop Protection, Animal Production and Agricultural Economics and Extension.

AIMS

The aims of the syllabus are to:

a) Impart in the candidates a functional knowledge and practical skills in Agriculture. b) Prepare candidates for further studies in Agriculture.
c) Prepare candidates for occupation in Agriculture.
d) Stimulate and sustain candidates’ interest in Agriculture.e) Enable the candidates to explore the rich Agricultural resources of Nigeria environment.

S/N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVE	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES
1.	A. BASIC CONCEPTS
1.0	1. Meaning and importanceof agriculture. 1.1 Define agriculture 1.2 Identify the differentbranches/areas of agriculture	a)  Definition and branches of agricultural scienceb)  Importance of agriculture to the individual, community and nation.	Ask the student for definition and branches of Agriculture
2.0	1. Problems of agricultural development and possiblesolutions 1.1 Identify and discuss problems of agriculture development in Nigeria	a) Problems relatedto: i. Land tenureii. Basic amenities iii. Finance iv. Transportationv. Storage and processing facilitiesvi. Agricultural education and extension vii. Tools and machineryviii. Farm inputs Marketing	Assessment would include: incidence of pests and diseases, vagaries of weather, labour and government policy.
3.0	1. Meaning and differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture 1.1 Student should explain the meaning of subsistence and commercial agriculture	a)  Meaning of subsistence and commercial agricultureb)  Difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture based on their characteristicsc)  Advantages and disadvantages of subsistence and commercial agricultured)  Problems of subsistence and commercial agriculture	Discuss the meaning and the differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture
4.0	1. Rolesofgovernmentinagricultural development 1.1 State roles of government in provision of:i.         Agricultural financeii.         Agricultural educationetc	a)  Agricultural finance:(i) Credit(ii) Subsidyb)  Agricultural educationc)  Agricultural extensionservicesd)  Agricultural policies andprogrammes	Guide discussion on Agricultural finance and Agricultural Education etc. Assessment would cover past and present programme e.g OFN., ADP, Farm settlement, Agricultural sector Rehabilitation Project (ASRP) and National Aids Co-ordination.
5.0	1. Role of non-governmental organization in agricultural development 1.1. Explain the meaning and importance of NGOs	a)  Meaning of non- governmental organization (NGOs)b)  Roles of NGOs in agricultural Association	Examples of NGOs west African rice development (WARDA), International institute for tropical agriculture (IITA), International livestock centre for Africa (ILCA), International Crop Research Institute for semi-arid tropics (ICRISAT) would be assessed.

S/ N

TOPICS/ OBJECTIVES

CONTENTS

ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS

6.0	1. Agricultural laws and reforms 1.1 List land tenure system 1.2 Explaina) Inheritance b) Individual	a)  Land tenure system in west Africab)  Government laws on land use in(Decree). Land reforms West Africa.c)  Advantages and disadvantages of land(Decree) and reforms in West Africa.	Assessment would include land use act in West Africa.
	B. AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY
7.0	1. Meaning and importanceof agriculture ecology 1.1 Defineagriculturalecologyand ecosystem 1.2 Explain some basicconceptsin ecology	a)  Meaning of agricultural ecology and ecosystem.b)  Components of farm ecosystem e.g. biotic and abiotic.c)  Interactions of the components in interaction of farm the terrestrial and aquatic agro-crops/animals with ecosystem, other components of the ecosystem in farm settling such as mono or sole cropping system, mixed cropping system, mixed farming system, fish ponds and forest (rain or savannah)
8.0	1. Land and its uses 1.1 Studentsshouldbeablestatea)  Meaning of landb)  Characteristics of land	a)  Meaning of landb)  Characteristics of land free gift ofnature, immobile, limited supply etc.i. Agricultural purposes:- cropproduction;–  Wild life conservation/game, reserve;-livestock production etc.ii. Non-agricultural purposes:–  Industry–  Housing–  Transport etc	Assessment would include of uses of land forestry and agriculture for agriculture.Non-agricultural uses of land such as Health Centres, Mosques, Mining, Recreational schools and Markets would be assessed
9.0	Factors Affecting land Availability for Agricultural purpose:-ž¢ Identify factors affecting land availability for agricultural purpose	a) Physical factors–  Soil type–  Topography–  Land degradation–  Soil pollutionb) Economic factors–  Pressure–  Of industries–  Mining/mineral exploitation–  Recreation/tourismc) Socio-cultural factors–  Land tenure system–  Religious purpose (church, mosque andshrine) etc	Student should be guided on this discussion.

S/ N	TOPICS/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
10.0	1. Agro-allied industries and relationship between agriculture and industry 1.1 List the agro-based industries 1.2 State raw materials in each industry	a)–b)Agro-based industries and raw materials, pulp wood;Beverage industry ”“ cocoasoap industry-oil Relationship between agriculture and industries. Agriculture provides market for industrial products e.g. Farm machinery, chemicals, ship	Assessment would include other agro-based industries and raw materials e.g. Leather industry meat and fish.Assessment includes other between agriculture industrial workers.
11.0	1. Environmental factors affecting crop and animal distribution and production 1.1 state and explain climatic factors affecting crop and animal distribution and production	a)  Climatic factors e.g. rainfall, temperature, light, wind, relative humidity.b)  Biotic factors e.g. predators, parasites, soil micro- organisms, pests, pathogens and weeds, interrelationship such as competition, parasitism, mutualism (symbiosis).c)  Edaphic factors: soil pH, soil texture, soil structure, soil type etc.	The student should be guided on the practical activity
12.0	1. Rock formation1.1 student should be able to1.     Define rock2.     Identify types of rocks	1.     Types of rock:i. Igneous ii. Sedimentary iii. Metamorphic2.     Process of rock formation	Assessment would cover identification, description and examples of rock types. Assessment would cover how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are formed.
13.0	Soil formation and profile development1.     Define soil2.     List factors of soil formation	a)b)i. ii.c)Factors of soil formation, the parent rock, organisms, climate, topography factor in soil formation andtime. Processes ofsoil formation;Physical weathering Chemical weatheringSoil profile development	The role played by each would be assessed. The meaning importance and description.
14.0	Types composition and properties of soil.1.     Students should be able to recognize the different type of soil2.     Define soil pH3.   Determine pH of different soiltypes4.     State ways of correcting soilacidity	a)  Types of soilb)  Chemical and biologicalcomposition ofsoili.         Soil macro and micro nutrients, fractions,water holdingii.         Soil water; capacity,porosityiii.         Soil macro-organisms;capillarity, consistencyiv.         Soilmicrobes,etcv.         Soil airc)  Soil pHd)  Physical properties of soil;i. Soil texture ii. Soil structure	Assessment would cover types of soil and their separation into sand, silt and clay.Determination of soil causes and correction of soil acidity/alkalinity would be assessed.

S/ N	TOPICS/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
15.0	Plant nutrients and nutrients cycle1.     Students should be able to distinguish between macro and micro nutrients2.     List the macro nutrients3.     State the functions ofeach macro nutrient4.     State their deficiencysymptoms	a)  Macro and micro nutrients; macro-nutrients suchtheirfunctionsanddeficiencyasN,P, H, Ca, S and symptoms in crops. Micro- nutrients such as&&b)  Factors affecting availability of Zn, Fe, Mo, Co, Bo, Cu nutrients in soil such as pH, excess of other nutrients, leaching crop removal, oxidation and burning.c)  Methods of replenishing last types of fertilizers and nutrients, e.g. crop rotation, methods of fertilizer organic manuring, fertilizer application, application would be fallowing, liming, cover-cropping assessed.d)  Nitrogen, carbon, water and phosphorus cycles.e)  Organic agriculture meaning and importance include the description and importance of nitrogen, carbon and water cycles	Assessment should be on the preparation of water/sand culture to demonstrate deficiency of various elements in different crops. Charts should be prepared for each nutrient cycle. Assist the students to prepare compost manure and farm yard manure.
16.0	Irrigation1.     Define irrigation2.     Describe undergroundirrigation	a) b) i. ii.iii. c)d) e)Meaning of irrigation system Types of irrigation systemOverhead e.g. sprinkler Surface e.g. flooding, furrow/channel, basin, border, Underground e.g. perforated pipes, dripes.Advantages and disadvantages of irrigation system Importance of irrigation Problems associated with irrigation	Assessment should be based on charts to show types of irrigation system.
17.0	Drainage1. Students should be able toa)  Define drainageb)  State importanceofdrainage	Meaning of drainage Importance of drainage Types of drainage systems;a) b) c) i. ii. d) Advantages and disadvantages of drainageSurface drainage e.g. channel, furrow Surbsurface/underground drainagesystem.	Demonstrates the various drainage system on the water logged areas of the school farm.
18.0	Agricultural pollution1. Student should be able to1.     Define pollution2.     State the causes ofagricultural land pollution	a) b)i.Meaning of agricultural pollution Causes/sources of pollution of agricultural lands and fishponds;Excessive application of agricultural chemicals Marine and soilspillageii. iii. Livestockwasteanddrugdisposaletc.c) Effects of land/pond pollution. Ways of minimizing land, on farmers and agricultural pond pollution.	Student should be shown around some polluted land/pond in the locality.

S/ N	TOPICS/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTI VI TI ES/ REM ARKS
	C. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING MECHANISM		Assessment would include identification, description and uses of each of the tools.
19.0	Simple farm tools1. Describesimplefarmtools	a)  Meaning of simple farm tools.b)  Types of simple farm tools-cutlass, hoe, spade,shovel etc.c)  General maintenance of simple farm tools	Assessment would include the meaning uses/functions and identification of different parts of each of the farm machinery and implements. Engineering details are however not required.
20.0	Farm machinery and implements1.     Identify types of farm machinery2.     State the uses of farm machine	a) Farm machinery;i. Tractor ii. Bulldozer iii. Shellers iv. Dryers v. Incubators vi. Milking machines vii.Combine harvester etc viii. Sprayers etc	Assessment would include precaution measures in the use of farm machinery
21.0	Maintenance practices and precautionary measures1.     Explain the meaning of tractor/coupled2.     List the parts and functions of a plough, harrow and ridgers	a) b) i.Reasons for maintaining farm Maintenance of farm machineryCheck water and oil levels regularly	Assessment would include precautionary measures in the use of farm machinery
22.0	Agricultural mechanization1. List the disadvantages of agricultural mechanization	a)  Meaning of agricultural mechanizationb)  Mechanized agriculturaloperationsc)  Advantages and disadvantages ofagricultural mechanizationd)  Limitations of agricultural mechanization	Mechanized agricultural operations; ploughing, harrowing, planting or harvesting, milking etc.
	Prospects of agricultural mechanism	Possible ways of improving agricultural mechanization such as developing less expensive machines and establishing agricultural engineering schools for personnel and fabricate simple machine, etc.	Guides class discussion
23.0	Farm power1.     Define farmpower2.     Explain and state the advantages of humanpower	a)  Sources of farm powerb)  Advantages and disadvantages ofdifferent sources of farm power	Guides class discussion
24.0	Farm surveying1.     Define farmsurveying2.     Survey equipment	i.         iii. Importance of farmstead planning	Assessment would cover site selection, location of structures, sketching of farm layout

S/ N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
		c) i.ii. iii.iv.Principles of farmstead planning Meaning of farmstead Importance of farmstead planning Factors to be considered in the design of a farmsteadFarmstead layout
	D. CROP PRODUCTION
25.0	Classification of crops	a)  Classification of crops based on their uses e.g. cereals, pulses, roots, tubers, vegetablesetc.b)  Classification based on their life cycle crop listed is presumed. E.g. annual, biannual, perennial.c)  Classification based on their morphology e.g. monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crop.	Display of a collection of crop seeds, fruits or leaves.
26.0	Husbandry of selected crops1. Student should be able to describe the production of the selected crops e.g. cereal, groundnut etc, under the following headingsOrigin Local and common name Varieties/types Climates/soil requirements	Botanical names and common names of the crops, varieties/types, climatic and soil requirements, land preparation, methods of propagation, planting date, seed rate, spacing, sowing depth and nursery requirements, cultural practices, supplying, thinning, manuring and fertilizer requirement and application, weeding, pests and disease control, harvesting and processing and storage of at least one representative crop from each of the following crop grouping:a)  Cereals e.g. maize, rice, guinea corn, milletb)  Pulses (grain legumes) e.g. cowpea, soya bean, pigeon peac)  Roots and tubers e.g. cassava, yam, potatoesd)  Vegetables e.g. tomatoes, onion, amaranthus, okro, cauliflower, spinache)  Fruits e.g. citrus, banana, pineapplef)  Beverages e.g. cocoa, tea, coffeeg)  Spices e.g. pepper, gingerh)  Oils e.g. groundnut, sheabutter,sunflower, oil palmi)  Fibres e.g. cotton, jute, sisal hempj)  Latex e.g. rubberk)  Others sugar cane etc.	Supervise cultivation of crops suited to local environment
27.0	Pasture and forage crops1.     Explain the meaning of pasture and foragecrops2.     State uses of forage crops3.     List types of pasture andcharacteristics of each type4.     Identify the main pasture	a)  Meaning of pasture and forage crops.b)  Uses of forage cropsc)  Types of pastured)  Common grasses and legumes ofcommon grasses used for grazinglivestock.e)  Factors affecting the distributiongrazing livestock and productivityof pasturef)  Establishment ofpastureg)  Management practices of pasture	Assessment would include the botanical names and characteristics

S/ N	TOPICS/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
28.0	Crop improvement.1. Student should be able to; i. Enumerate the aims of cropimprovement ii. Explainthemethodsofcropimprovement iii. Statethemendelslaw	a)  Aims of crop improvementb)  Methods/processes of crop improvement e.g. introduction, selection, breeding.c)  Mendels lawsof inheritanced)  Advantages and disadvantages of crop improvement	Assessment would include the meaning of crop improvement. Mendels 1st and 2nd of genes would be assessed.
	E. FORESTRY
29.0	1. Forest managementStudents should be able to; 1.1 Definethemeaningifforestand forestry 1.2 Statetheimportanceoftheforest and forestry 1.3 StateforestregulationsinNigeria 1.4 State and discuss forestmanagement practices in Nigeria	a)  Meaning of forest and forestryb)  Importance offorestryc)  Forest regulationsd)  Forest managementpracticese)  Implications ofdeforestationAgo-forestry practices in WestAfrica a)b) i. ii.iii.Meaning ofagro- forestry Agro-forestry practicesTaungya syatem Alley cropping Ley farmingetc.	Common tree species suitable for agro-forestry would be assessed.
	F. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
30.0	1. Meaning and importanceof ornamental plants 1.1 Explainthemeaningofornamental plants 1.2 Identify localornamentalplants	a)  Meaning of ornamental plantsb)  Importance of ornamental plants	Ornamental plants found in locality would be assessed
31.0	1. Common types of ornamental plants1.1 Mentionornamentalplants uses for different purpose 1.2 Identify ornamental plantsbelonging to each category	a) i.Types of ornamental plants according to their usesBedding (Mostly flowering frication plants)ii. Hedgingplantsiii. Lawn grassesetc b) The common andbotanical names	Assessment would cover identification of various types of ornamental plants. Examples of ornamental plant for each setting or location
32.0	1. Settings and location for planting ornamental plants. Students should be able to; 1.1 Identifylocationsorsettingsrequiring ornamental plants 1.2 Determines ornamentalplantfor eachlocation.	Location/settings and types of ornamental plants needed:-–  Avenues–  In front of building etc.	Provide representative of ornamental plant foreach setting or location

33.0

Methods of cultivation ornamental plants and importance of each method and examples of ornamental1.1 Mention methods of propagating

i.         By seedii.         Vegetative propagation

Propagated through such method would be assessed.

S/ N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
	Ornamental plants1.2 Discussimportanceofeach method1.3 Give examples of ornamental plants propagated through each method
34.0	Maintenance of ornamental plants Students should be able to; 1.1 Listmaintenanceoperationsofornamental plants 1.2 Discussreasonsforcarryingouteach operations 1.3 Carryouttheoperationsinanyestablished ornamental site.	Maintenance operations/Activities of ornamental plants:-–  Watering–  Mulching–  Pruning, etc.	Reasons for carrying out maintenance operations: watering, mulching, pruning etc would be assessed
	G. CROP PRODUCTION
35.0	DISEASES OF CROPS Student should be able to;1.1  Statethemeaningofdisease1.2  Listtheeffectsofdiseaseoncrop production1.3  Nametheimportantdiseasesof major crops1.4  Statethecausalorganismofeach disease1.5  Statethepreventiveandcontrol measures	a)  Meaning ofdiseaseb)  General effects of disease oncrop productionc)  Disease: causal organismeconomic, prevention Importance, mode of transmission, symptoms, and control.i. Cerealsmut,riceblast,leaf rust etcii. Legumes cerospora leaf spot, rosette etciii.         Beverages- cocoa black pod, swollen shoot, coffee leaf rust etciv.         Tubers in cassava mosaic, bacterial, leaf blight etcv.         Fruits citrus gummosis, diebackvi.         Fibre black arm/bacteria blight of cottonetcvii.         Vegetablesrootknotof tomato and damping off, Onion twister etcviii. Storedproducemouldetc	Assessment would include at least two fungal, two viral, two bacterial and one nematodediseaseofthe crops chosen from the list
36.0	Pest of crops Students should be able to;1.1  Classifypestsintoinsectsand non-insects pests1.2  Classifyinsectspestsbasedon their mode of mouth part1.3  Discusstheimportantinsect pests of major crops1.4  Recognize and name the important storage insect pests of farm produce	a)  Meaning of pestsb)  Classification ofpestsi. Insect pestsii. Non-insect pestsc)  Classification of insect-pest based on mouth parts withexamples; i. Biting andchewing ii. Piercing andsucking iii. Boringd)  Important of insect-pests of	Nature of damage, economic importance, preventive and control measures of each of the non-insect pests would be assessed.

1.5 State the meaning of pests

major crops, field and storage pests, life cycle, economic importance, nature of damage, preventive and control measures of the following major insect-pests of crops;

S/ N	TOPICS/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
		i.         Cereals stem borer, army worm, earthworm etcii.         Legumes pod borer, aphids, sucking bugs and leaf beetleiii.         Beverages cocoa myrids (capsids)iv.         Tubers yam beetle, cassavamealybugs, green spider mites,variegated grasshopperv.         Fibre cotton stained, bull wormsvi.         Fruits and vegetable tripsLeaf beetle, scale insect,grasshopper, leafroller,vii.         Storedproducegrainweevils,beanbeetle5.         e)  Non insect pest e.g. birds,rodents etc6.         f)  Side effects of preventive andcontrol methods i. Chemical pollution,poisoning ii. Biological iii. Cultural harmful effectsofburning etc7.         g)  General effects/economicimportance ofpests.
37.0	Weeds Students should be able to; 1.1 Defineweeds 1.2 Listvarioustypesofweedswith their botanicalnames 1.3 Listthevariousfeaturesofweeds	a)  Meaning of weedsb)  Types of weedsc)  Effects of weeds on crops andeconomyd)  Characteristics features ofweedse)  Methods of controlling weeds;cultural, biological, chemical, physical and mechanical methods	Common and botanical names would be assessed
	H. ANIMAL PRODUCTION
38.0	Types and classification of farm animals 1.1 List the different types of farm animals	a)  Types of farm animals: cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, pig, rabbit, fish etcb)  Classification of farm animals according to:i.         Habitat, terrestrial and aquaticii.         Uses, food, protection, pet etc	Drawing and labelling of parts of farm animals would be assessed identification of important organs and their functions would be assessed
39.0	Anatomy and physiology of farm animals1.1 Drawandlabelpartsofafarm	a)  Parts of farm animalsb)  Organs of farm animals e.g.heart, liver, lungs	Assessment would include the digestive system of poultry, differences

animals 1.2 Dissectafarmanimal 1.3 Sketchthesepartsandmention their functions

c) Systemsoffarmanimalse.g. digestive system, circulatory system, respiratorysystem

monogastric and ruminant systems

S/ N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
40.0	Animal reproductionStudent should be able to; 1.1 Explaintheroleofsexhormonesinreproduction 1.2 Describeprocessofeggformation 1.3 Explaintheprocessofreproductioninmammals and poultry 1.4 Drawandlabelsthepartsofthemaleand female reproductive systems.	a)  Meaning ofreproductionb)  Roles of hormones in reproduction of farmanimalsc)  Reproductive systems offarm animalsd)  Process of reproduction infarm animalse)  Egg formation in poultry	Assessment would include oestrus cycle, heat period, mating, gestation period, parturition, lactation, colostrums, mammary glands, signs of heat, ovulation etc.Assessment would include extensive, intensive and semi-intensive system of management and record keeping in livestock management.
41.0	Environmental physiologyStudents should be able to; 1.1 Explainthemeaningofenvironmentalphysiology 1.2 Statetheeffectsofclimatechanges	a)  Meaning of environmental physiologyb)  Effects o changes in climatic factors suchasi. Temperature ii. Relativehumidity iii. Light on; growth,reproduction, milk production, egg production etc.	Students should be guided on thisdiscussion.
42.0	Livestock managementStudent should be able to; 1.1 Statethemeaningoflivestockmanagement 1.2 Statetherequirementforgoodlivestockmanagement 1.3 Explain the importance of thesemanagement practices to livestock	a)  Meaning of livestock managementb)  Requirements for livestock management; housing, feeding, hygiene and finishing of at least one ruminant and one non- ruminant from birth to market weightc)  Importance of management practices	The biochemical details of the nutrients are not required.Assessment would include the types of diet for the various classes of animals, their characteristics and supplementary feeding
43.0	Animal nutrition Student should be able to: 1.1 Classifyfeeds 1.2 Mentionsourcesandfunctionsoffoodnutrients1.3  Statethedifferenttypesofrations/dietand their uses1.4  State causes and symptoms ofmalnutrition and their corrections in farm animals	a)  Meaning of animal nutritionb)  Classification of feedsc)  Sources and functionsof feednutrientsd)  Types of ration/diet and their uses;components of a balanced diet, production and maintenance rations.e)  Causes and symptoms of malnutrition and their correction in farm animals	Assessment would include malnutrition related conditions such as ketosis, rickets.Assessment would also include differences and similarities between breeds (local, exotic and cross/hybrid) and performance of animals.

S/ N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
44.0	Rangeland and pastureStudents should be able to; 1.1 Statethemeaningofrange land1.2  List the importanceofrange land1.3  Statethecharacteristicsof range land1.4  Mentionsomecommongrasses of livestock rangeland1.5  Statefactorsaffectingthelevel of production of herbage	a)  Meaning and importance of rangeland/pasture to livestock and the characteristics of range land.b)  Common grasses and legumes in range landc)  Factors affecting the level of production of herbage, rainfall, grass/legume composition, grazing etc.d)  Methods of range land and pasture improvement: controlled stocking, rotational grazing, use of fertilizers, introduction of legumes, reseeding, weed control, burning, pest and disease control.
45.0	Animal improvementStudents should be able to; 1.1 explainthemeaningofanimal improvement 1.2 Statetheaimsofanimalimprovement 1.3 Describethevarious methods of animalimprovement 1.4 Statetheeffectsofeachmethod and process on animal improvement.	a)  Meaning of animalimprovementb)  Aims of animal improvementc)  Methods of animal improvementi. Introduction ii. Selection iii. Breedingd)  Artificial insemination i. Meaningofartificialinsemination ii. Methods of collecting semeniii. Advantages and disadvantages ofartificial insemination	The economic importance of the diseases would be assessed.
46.0	Animal health managementStudents should be able to; 1.1 Definediseases 1.2 State the causalorganisms of animaldiseases 1.3 Identifysomeectoandendo-parasites oflivestock 1.4 Name some importantdiseases of livestock and their causal organism	a)  Meaning of diseaseb)  Causal organisms: viruses, bacteria,fungi and protozoac)  Factors that could predisposeanimals to diseases: health status ofanimals, nutrition, management etcd)  Reaction of animal to diseases: susceptibility and resistance todiseasese)  Causal organism, symptoms, mode oftransmission, effects, prevention and control of the following selected livestock diseases:i.         Viral foot and mouth, rinderpest,Newcastleii.         Bacterial anthrax, brucellosis,tuberculosisiii.         Fungal-aspergilosis, ring worm,scabiesiv. Protozoa-trypanomiasis,coccidiosisf)  Parasitesi. Meaning of parasite ii. Types ofparasites iii. Mode of transmission, lifecycle, economic importance and control of the following selected livestock parasites liverfluke and roundworm, ectoparasites ticks, lice	Assessment would include identification, specimens of common endo and ecto-parasites, and charts for life cycles of selected endo and ecto-parasites.

S/ N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
		g) General methods of prevention and control of diseases and parasites; quarantine, inoculation/immunization, hygiene, breedingfor resistance etc.
47.0	AquacultureStudent should be able to; 1.1 Defineaquacultureandnamedifferent types of aquaculture.1.2  Explainthemeaningoffishfarming1.3  Statetheimportanceoffarming1.4  Statetheconditionsnecessaryfor sitting a fish pond1.5  Establishandmaintainafishpond1.6  Identifydifferentfishingtoolsand their uses.	a)  Meaning ofagricultureb)  Different types of agriculture;i. Fish farming ii. Shrimp farming iii. Crab farmingc)  Meaning and importance of fish farmingd)  Conditions necessary for sitting a fish ponde)  Establishment and maintenance of fish pondf)  Fishery regulationsg)  Fishing methods and tools	Assessment would include aeration, stocking, feeding, harvesting, processing and preservation of fish
48.0	Agriculture or bee keepingStudents should be able to; 1.1 Statethemeaningofagriculture 1.2 Listdifferenttypesofbees 1.3 Stateimportanceofbeekeeping 1.4 Prepareequipmentforbeekeeping and produce qualityhoney 1.5 Statevariousmethodsofbeekeeping and their uses.	a)  Meaning of apiculture or bee keepingb)  Types of bees i. Indigenous bees ii. Exotic beesc)  Importance of bee keepingd)  Methods of bee keepingi. Traditional method ii. Modern bee keeping hives,hive tools like suits, smokers, jungle boots, brushes etce)  Precautionary measures in bee keepingi. Locateapiariesarefrom human dwellingsii. Put warning symbols near apiary etc	Charts or pictures bee should be displayed.
	I. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ANDEXTENSION
49.0	Basic economic principlesStudents should be able to; 1.1 Listthebasiceconomicprinciples 1.2 Discuss the basiceconomicprinciples	a) Scarcity b) Choice c) Scale ofpreference d) Law of diminishing returns	Assessment would be on discussion and demonstration
50.0	Factors of production1.1 Definefactorsofproduction 1.2 Mentionexamplesoffactorsofproduction 1.3 Discusseachfactorofproduction	a) Land b) Capital c) Labour characteristics andclassification d) Managementorentrepreneur	Assessment would be based on the factors of production.

S/ N	TOPICS/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
51.0	Principles of demand1.1 Statethemeaningofdemand 1.2 Statethelawofdemand 1.3 Listthefactorsthataffectthedemandforagricultural goods and services.	a)  Definition of demandb)  Law of demandc)  Factors affectingdemand foragricultured)  Movements along thedemand curvee)  Shifts in the demandcurve
52.0	Principles of supply1.1 Statethelawofsupply 1.2 Listthefactorsthataffectsupply;movementsalong the supply curve and the shift variables	a)  Definition of supplyb)  Law of supplyc)  Movements alongsupply curved)  Shifts in the supplycurvee)  Factors affecting thesupply of agricultural produce
53.0	Implications of demand and supply for agricultural production 1.1 Todiscussthemeaningofpricesupport 1.2 Explainthemeaningofpricestabilizationandcontrol	a)  Price supportb)  Price controlc)  Subsidy programmeand its effects on agricultural production	Discussion by drawing examples from real life situation e.g buffer stock, grain release by government.
54.0	Functions of a farm manager1.1 explainmeaningoffarmmanager 1.2 Statethefunctionsofafarmmanger	a)  Meaning of a farm managerb)  Functions of a farm manager	Use concept map to outline the function of Manager and relationship in the detailed activities
55.0	Problems faced by farm manager1.1 State the problems that farm managers face in the production process	Problem of farm Managers:-–  Inadequate farm–  Inadequateinformation about sources of inputs.	Discussion and exposition
56.0	Agricultural financeStudent should be able to; 1.1 Defineagriculturalfinance1.2  Stateanddiscusstheimportanceofagricultural finance1.3  Determineanddiscusssourcesoffarmfinancing1.4  Mentiontypesofcreditbasedonperiodsandsources of credit1.5  Mentionproblemsfacedbyfarmersinprocuring agriculturalcredit1.6  Statethemeaningagric-business1.7  Statethesourceoffundforcapitalmarket	a) b) c) d)Meaning of agricultural finance Importance of agricultural finance Sources of farm finance Classes offarm creditClassification basedon length of time; Short-term credit Medium term credit Long-term crediti.– – – ii. Classification basedon source of credit – Institution credit iii. Classification basedon liquidity; – Loan-in cash – Loan in kind	Assessment would include the meaning of agric- business.

S/ N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
		e)Insurance companies Merchant banksThe stock exchange (sales and purchases of shares) ”¢ Roles of capital markets in agriculturalbusiness;–  Mobilization of long term funds for onlending–  Reduce over reliance on money markeretc–Problems faced by farmers in procuring agricultural credit High interest rate Lack of inadequate collateral etc Problems faced by institutions in granting loans to farmers:Lack of records and accounts etc Capital market Meaning of capital market, institutions that deal with medium and long term loans for agricultural business.Institution involved in the capital market Sources of funds for the capital market;Bonds
57.0	Farm records and accounts 1.1 Statetheimportance of farm records and account1.2 Statetypesoffarm records.1.3 Developafarm record.	a)  Importance of farm recordsb)  Types of farm recordsi. Inventoryrecords ii. Production records iii. Income and expenditure records iv. Supplementaryorspecialrecordsc)  Designing farm recordsd)  Farm accounts;i. Expenditure/purchasesaccount ii. Income/sales account iii. Profit and loss account iv. Balancesheet	Assessment would include terms such as salvage value, appreciation, farm budget, depreciation, inventory, their importance and their uses in calculating profit and loss of farm items like crops, livestock, farm machinery and tools in the farm.

S/ N	TOPIC/ OBJECTIVES	CONTENTS	ACTIVITIES/ REMARKS
58.0	Marketing of agricultural produce1.1  State the meaning and importance of agricultural marketing1.2  Listthevariousmarketing agents/channels1.3  State the advantages and disadvantages of the various channels1.4  Listthefunctionsperformedby marketing agents1.5  Importanceofexportsto agricultural development	a)  Meaning and importance of marketing of agricultural produceb)  Marketing agents and their functionsc)  Marketing functions: i. Assemblingii. Transportationiii. Processing etcd)  Marketing of export crope)  Export crop in West Africaf)  Guidelines for exporting crops inWest Africag)  Cooperate bodies, cooperativesocieties and individuals engaged in exporting agricultural produce e.g. ANCE- Association of Nigerian Cooperative Exportersh)  Importance of exporting agricultural producei)  Problems of marketing agricultural problems	1.     Discussion and demonstration ofsome of the functions of marketing agent.2.     Identification of Marketing problems in and around their locality.
59.0	Agricultural insuranceStudent should be able to; 1.1 Defineagriculturalinsurance 1.2 Nametypesofinsurancethatcanbe taken by agricultural operators	a)  Meaning of agricultural insuranceb)  Importance agricultural insurancec)  Types of insurance policies foragricultural productioni.         Specific enterprise insurancee.g. crop insurance, livestockinsuranceii.         Farm vehicleinsuranceiii.         Firedisasterinsuranceormachines and buildingsinsuranceiv. Lifeassurance(Farmers,farmworkers etcd)  Insurance premiume)  Problems of agricultural insurance;–ª Uncertaintiesofweather –ª Losesduetonaturaldisasteretc	Assessment would be on the meaning, importance and types of agricultural insurance with practical examples.
60.0	Agricultural extension 1.1 State the meaning andimportance of agriculturalextension.1.2  Listagriculturalextensionprogrammes in Nigeria.1.3  State some methods ofdisseminating information tofarmers.1.4  State some methods ofdisseminating information tofarmers.1.5  List problems faced byagricultural extension agents in Nigeria.

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